Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Concept Map

An Overview

This map represents the 3 main upper respiratory tract infections which are: otitis media, rhinosinusitis, and pharyngitis. For each disease, the map links pathophysiology, causative microorganisms, how to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections, and how to manage bacterial infections using antibiotics. The aim of this map is to direct clinicians towards better antibiotic use in order to avoid microbial resistance to antibiotics.

Otitis media concept map

The full map and explanation are presented on this page.

Rhinosinusitis (sinusitis) concept map

This map starts with risk factors and associated conditions of rhinosinusitis that lead to inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa and finally to acute rhinosinusitis. This is followed by possible factors for developing chronic rhinosinusitis. Some signs and symptoms are stated to help differentiate between viral from bacterial rhinosinusitis. Nonpharmacological treatment of rhinosinusitis facilitates sinus drainage and relieves symptoms. Regarding acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, nonsevere cases could be observed for 7 days with the administration of nonpharmacological treatment. On the other hand, moderately severe to severe cases should be treated using antibiotics.

Pharyngitis concept map

This part concentrates on acute pharyngitis, the main etiology is infectious, including mainly viral infection and to a smaller extent infection by Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). Although it is difficult to differentiate clinically, there are some signs that might be helpful to differentiate viral from GAS pharyngitis. Diagnosis of pharyngitis depends on the 4 Centor criteria, Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT), and Throat Culture. Management of viral pharyngitis doesn’t require antibiotics. Antibiotics (penicillin, or erythromycin for a penicillin-allergic patient) are necessary in managing GAS pharyngitis in order to prevent acute rheumatic fever.

Order the map

You can order this map in any of the following forms according to your preference. Our maps are comprehensive in a way that can benefit both students and clinicians.

This map is available in two forms;
1. Printable version.
2. Whole map version.

Check them out below to know the difference, so that you can choose what is suitable for you. And please feel free to leave your feedback, comments, or questions in the comments section below.